Lack of essential amino acids in the diet leads to the disease:

The answer is (1) kwashiorkor.

Kwashiorkor is a form of protein malnutrition that is caused by a lack of essential amino acids in the diet. It is most common in children, and it is characterized by edema, weight loss, and skin changes.

Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder that is caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin gene. It is not caused by a lack of essential amino acids in the diet.

Night blindness is a condition that is caused by a deficiency of vitamin A. It is not caused by a lack of essential amino acids in the diet.

Pernicious anemia is a condition that is caused by a deficiency of vitamin \(B_{12}\). It is not caused by a lack of essential amino acids in the diet.