Assertion: Cry gene-expressing crop is resistant to a group of insects.
Reason: Human protein (α-1-antitrypsin) used to treat emphysema.

Both Assertion (A) and Reason(R) are correct and but R is not the correct explanation of A.

The correct answer is Option (2) - Both Assertion (A) and Reason(R) are correct and but R is not the correct explanation of A.

A soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces a Cry protein (crystal protein). This protein is toxic to the larvae of certain insects. There are several kinds of Cry proteins, which are toxic to a different group of insects. The gene encoding Cry protein, that is cry gene has been isolated and transferred into several crops. A crop expressing a cry gene is usually resistant to the groups of insects.

Medicines required to treat certain human diseases can contain biological products, but such products are often expensive to make. Transgenic animals that produce useful biological products can be created by the introduction of the portion of DNA (or genes) which codes for a particular product such as human protein (α-1-antitrypsin) used to treat emphysema. Similar attempts are being made for treatment of phenylketonuria (PKU) and cystic fibrosis. In 1997, the first transgenic cow, Rosie, produced human protein-enriched milk (2.4 grams per litre). The milk contained the human alpha-lactalbumin and was nutritionally a more balanced product for human babies than natural cow-milk.