Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): In China, special economic zones were set up after the reforms of 1978 to attract foreign investors.
Reason (R): In the 1970s, nationalisation of capital goods industries took place in China.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → (A) is true but (R) is false.
Assertion (A): In China, special economic zones were set up after the reforms of 1978 to attract foreign investors. — True. As part of the reforms, China set up special economic zones to attract foreign investors.
Reason (R): In the 1970s, nationalisation of capital goods industries took place in China. — False. Nationalisation of capital goods industries in the 1970s took place in Pakistan.
NCERT (2026-27): “8.2 Developmental Path—a Snapshot View … The reform process also involved dual pricing. This means fixing the prices in two ways; farmers and industrial units were required to buy and sell fixed quantities of inputs and outputs on the basis of prices fixed by the government and the rest were purchased and sold at market prices. Over the years, as production increased, the proportion of goods or inputs transacted in the market also increased. In order to attract foreign investors, special economic zones were set up.” “8.2 Developmental Path—a Snapshot View … Pakistan: While looking at various economic policies that Pakistan adopted, you will notice many similarities with India. Pakistan also follows the mixed economy model with co-existence of public and private sectors. In the late 1950s and 1960s, Pakistan introduced a variety of regulated policy framework (for import substitution-based industrialisation). The policy combined tariff protection for manufacturing of consumer goods together with direct import controls on competing imports. The introduction of Green Revolution led to mechanisation and increase in public investment in infrastructure in select areas, which finally led to a rise in the production of foodgrains. This changed the agrarian structure dramatically. In the 1970s, nationalisation of capital goods industries took place. …” |