Xanthium and Parthenium are types of

The correct answer is Option (1) → Weeds

Xanthium (cocklebur) and Parthenium (congress grass or carrot grass) are unwanted plants that spring up in fields and waste land and compete with crops for light, water and nutrients — that is, they are weeds.

Parthenium is a notorious invasive weed in India and also causes allergies and dermatitis in people who handle it.