Match List I with List II

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

The correct answer is option 2. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II.

Let us break down each compound from List I and its matching description in List II to understand the reasoning behind the correct matching.

A. Methyl n-propyl ketone:

This compound is a ketone, where the carbonyl group (C=O) is flanked by a methyl group (CH₃) on one side and an n-propyl group (CH₂CH₂CH₃) on the other. The IUPAC naming convention for this compound follows the longest carbon chain that includes the carbonyl group, which is a 5-carbon chain. The ketone is at position 2 (between the methyl and n-propyl groups), so it is named Pentan-2-one.

Therefore, Methyl n-propyl ketone matches with III. Pentan-2-one.

B. Acetaldehyde:

Acetaldehyde is the common name for the simplest aldehyde with two carbon atoms. In IUPAC nomenclature, it is called Ethanal (eth- for two carbons and -al for the aldehyde group). Its structure is CH₃CHO, with the aldehyde functional group (–CHO) attached to a methyl group (CH₃).

Therefore, Acetaldehyde matches with IV. Ethanal.

C. Acrolein:

Acrolein is a common name for an unsaturated aldehyde with the structure CH₂=CHCHO, which has a double bond between carbons 2 and 3 and an aldehyde group at carbon 1. The IUPAC name for Acrolein is Prop-2-enal, indicating a 3-carbon aldehyde chain (prop-) with a double bond at carbon 2 (-2-en-) and an aldehyde group (-al).

Therefore, Acrolein matches with I. Prop-2-enal

D. p-Nitrobenzaldehyde:

This compound is an aromatic aldehyde, where a benzaldehyde (C₆H₅CHO) has a nitro group (-NO₂) in the para position relative to the aldehyde group. The IUPAC name for this compound is 4-Nitrobenzaldehyde because the nitro group is attached to the fourth position on the benzene ring relative to the aldehyde group.

Therefore, p-Nitrobenzaldehyde matches with II. 4-Nitrobenzaldehyde.

Thus, the correct answer is option 2. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II.