Match List-I (Thinker or writer) with List-II (Idea).List-IList-II(A)…

Match List-I (Thinker or writer) with List-II (Idea).

List-I	List-II
(A) Francois Bernier	(I) Oriental despotism
(B) Montesquieu	(II) Asiatic mode of production
(C) Karl Marx	(III) Land revenue as remunerations of sovereignty
(D) Abu'l Fazl	(IV) Crown ownership of land as harmful for the state and its people

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Answer & explanation

Correct answer: option 3

The correct answer is Option (3) → A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III

List-I	List-II	Reason
(A) Francois Bernier	(IV) Crown ownership of land as harmful for the state and its people	Bernier believed in private property and saw crown ownership of land as harmful for both the state and its people.
(B) Montesquieu	(I) Oriental despotism	Montesquieu used Bernier's account to build the idea of oriental despotism, where Asian rulers held absolute power.
(C) Karl Marx	(II) Asiatic mode of production	Marx developed the idea further as the Asiatic mode of production, in which the state took the surplus.
(D) Abu'l Fazl	(III) Land revenue as remunerations of sovereignty	Akbar's chronicler Abu'l Fazl called land revenue a claim for the ruler's protection, remunerations of sovereignty.

NCERT (2026-27): “6.1 The question of landownership …
Bernier’s descriptions influenced Western theorists from the eighteenth century onwards. The French philosopher Montesquieu, for instance, used this account to develop the idea of oriental despotism, according to which rulers in Asia (the Orient or the East) enjoyed absolute authority over their subjects, who were kept in conditions of subjugation and poverty, arguing that all land belonged to the king and that private property was non-existent. According to this view, everybody, except the emperor and his nobles, barely managed to survive.”

“This idea was further developed as the concept of the Asiatic mode of production by Karl Marx in the nineteenth century. …”