Which type of immunization is performed by injecting preformed antibodies?

Passive immunization

 The correct answer is Option (2) – Passive immunization

Passive immunization involves the direct administration of preformed antibodies to an individual to provide immediate but temporary protection against a specific pathogen or toxin. These preformed antibodies are derived from a donor who has already developed an immune response against the particular antigen.

During passive immunization, the preformed antibodies are introduced into the recipient's body through injections or infusions. These antibodies can quickly neutralize the pathogen or toxin, providing immediate protection. However, passive immunization does not stimulate the individual's immune system to produce its own antibodies or develop long-term immunity.

In contrast, active immunization involves the stimulation of the individual's immune system to produce its own antibodies and memory cells. This is typically achieved through the administration of vaccines, which contain either weakened or inactivated pathogens or their components. Active immunization takes time to induce an effective immune response, but it results in long-term immunity.

Natural immunization refers to the immunity that is acquired through natural exposure to pathogens over time. This exposure triggers the individual's immune system to mount a response, leading to the production of antibodies and the development of immunity.

Innate immunization is not a recognized term in immunology. The innate immune system refers to the non-specific defense mechanisms that are present from birth and provide immediate, but general, protection against a wide range of pathogens. It does not involve the specific recognition or production of antibodies.