Read the passage carefully and answer the given questions.
DNA fingerprinting
Polymorphism in DNA sequence is the basis of genetic mapping of the human genome as well as of DNA fingerprinting. DNA fingerprinting involves identification of differences in some specific regions in the DNA sequence called repetitive DNA. It works on the principle of polymorphisms in DNA sequences. The repetitive DNA are separated from bulk genomic DNA. The bulk DNA forms a major peak and the other small peaks are referred to as satellite DNA. These repetitive/satellite DNA sequences show a high degree of polymorphisms and form the basis of DNA fingerprinting.
DNA polymorphism forms the basis of
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → Genetic mapping and DNA fingerprinting
Option (1) Transcription — Incorrect. Transcription is the copying of the information of a DNA strand into RNA. It happens in every cell in the same way, whatever variation the DNA carries. Polymorphism plays no part in it.
Option (2) DNA replication — Incorrect. Replication is the making of a copy of the whole DNA before a cell divides. It copies the variations a person already has; it does not depend on them.
Option (3) Translation — Incorrect. Translation is the making of a protein from the code of the mRNA. It takes place on the ribosomes and has nothing to do with differences in DNA between people.
Option (4) Genetic mapping and DNA fingerprinting — Correct. DNA polymorphism means that more than one form of a DNA sequence occurs in a population. These differences between people act as markers. They help to locate genes on the chromosomes (genetic mapping) and to tell one person from another (DNA fingerprinting).
Note: The passage is taken from NCERT. NTA has put lines of the NCERT text together to make it. Most CUET (UG) questions come straight from NCERT, so study the book line by line, including figures and their titles.