Assertion:. Demographic transition theory can be used to describe and predict the future population of any area.
Reasoning: This theory shows that human beings are extremely flexible and are able to adjust their fertility.

Both Assertion (A) and reasoning (R) are correct and but R is not the correct explanation of A.

The correct answer is Option 2: Both Assertion (A) and reasoning (R) are correct and but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Assertion: Demographic transition theory can be used to describe and predict the future population of any area.The assertion is true. Demographic transition theory provides a framework for understanding how population dynamics change over time in relation to social and economic development. It allows demographers to analyze and predict future population trends based on the stage of demographic transition a particular area is in.

Reasoning: This theory shows that human beings are extremely flexible and are able to adjust their fertility. The reasoning is also true. Human flexibility in fertility rates is influenced by various social, economic, and cultural factors, and this adaptability is a key aspect of how populations transition through the demographic stages.

Why R Does Not Explain A

While both the assertion and reasoning are true, the reasoning does not explain the assertion because the ability of humans to adjust their fertility is only one factor within the broader context of demographic transition. The assertion encompasses a wider array of elements such as economic development, public health, education, and policy changes that affect population trends. The reasoning, therefore, focuses too narrowly on one aspect of the theory, missing the comprehensive nature of demographic transition theory that allows for predictions about population changes.