Which of the following is/are correct about the concept "Industrialisation"?

None of the above

The correct answer is Option 4: None of the above.

Statement 1: It refers to the emergence of machine production which is based on the use of animate power resources like steam or electricity. — Incorrect. Industrialisation refers to machine production based on the use of inanimate sources of power such as steam and electricity. The use of the term "animate" makes the statement incorrect because animate refers to living sources of power.

Statement 2: Urbanisation is always associated with industrialisation. — Incorrect. Urbanisation and industrialisation are closely related, but urbanisation is not always a result of industrialisation. Cities can also grow due to trade, administration, services, education and other economic activities.

NCERT: "Industrialisation refers to the emergence of machine production, based on the use of inanimate power resources like steam or electricity. In most standard western textbook of sociology, we learn that in even the most advanced of traditional civilizations, most people were engaged in working on the land. The relatively low level of technological development did not permit more than a small minority to be freed from the chores of agricultural production. By contrast, a prime feature of industrial societies today is that a large majority of the employed population work in factories, offices or shops rather than agriculture. Over 90 per cent of people in the west live in towns and cities, where most jobs are to be found and new job opportunities are created. Not surprisingly, therefore, we usually associate urbanisation with industrialisation. They often do occur together but not always so. ".