Match the LIST-I with LIST-II
| LIST-I | LIST-II |
| (Steps of Controlling process) | (Explanation) |
| A. Measurement of Actual performance | I. Performance should be measured in an objective and reliable manner. |
| B. Comparison of Actual performance with standards | II. Standards are the criteria against which actual performance would be measured. |
| C. Setting Performance Standards | III. Deviations in key areas of business need to be attended more urgently as compared to deviations in certain insignificant areas. |
| D. Analyzing Deviations | IV. Comparison will reveal the deviation between actual and desired results. |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → A-I, B-IV, C-II, D-III
(A) Measurement of Actual performance — this matches (I) Performance should be measured in an objective and reliable manner. This step asks what was actually achieved. Every later step depends on the figure this step produces, so it must be free of personal bias. That is why output, sales figures and quality counts are used wherever performance can be put in numbers.
(B) Comparison of Actual performance with standards — this matches (IV) Comparison will reveal the deviation between actual and desired results. A measurement means nothing by itself. It has to be placed against the standard. This step brings out the deviation and shows how wide it is.
(C) Setting Performance Standards — this matches (II) Standards are the criteria against which actual performance would be measured. Standards come first in the process, before anything is measured. They are the measure against which the later steps judge performance.
(D) Analyzing Deviations — this matches (III) Deviations in key areas of business need to be attended more urgently as compared to deviations in certain insignificant areas. Once the deviations are known, the manager must decide which of them matter. This is critical point control. He gives his attention to the key areas, where even a small slip harms the organisation, instead of spreading it evenly over every deviation.
NCERT (2026-27 Edition): “Step 1: Setting Performance Standards: … The first step in the controlling process is setting up of performance standards. Standards are the criteria against which actual performance would be measured. …” “Step 2: Measurement of Actual Performance: … Once performance standards are set, the next step is measurement of actual performance. Performance should be measured in an objective and reliable manner. …” “Step 3: Comparing Actual Performance with Standards: … This step involves comparison of actual performance with the standard. Such comparison will reveal the deviation between actual and desired results. …” “Step 4: Analysing Deviations: Some deviation in performance can be expected in all activities. It is, therefore, important to determine the acceptable range of deviations. Also, deviations in key areas of business need to be attended more urgently as compared to deviations in certain insignificant areas. …” |