The psychological barriers in the Communication Process are:(A) Prema…

The psychological barriers in the Communication Process are:

(A) Premature evaluation

(B) Un-clarified assumptions

(D) Distrust

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Answer & explanation

Correct answer: option 2

The correct answer is Option (2) → (A), (C) and (D) only

Psychological barriers arise from the state of mind of the sender or the receiver. A worried, angry or suspicious person does not communicate well.

(A) Premature evaluation — Correct. Some people judge a message before the sender has finished. Their mind is made up in advance, so the message is not understood fully.

(B) Un-clarified assumptions — Incorrect. This is a semantic barrier, a barrier of language and meaning. The sender assumes the receiver knows certain things that are not said, and the receiver fills the gap wrongly.

(C) Lack of attention — Correct. A receiver whose mind is busy with other matters does not listen properly.

(D) Distrust — Correct. When the sender and the receiver do not trust each other, the receiver doubts the message and may not act on it.

NCERT (2026-27 Edition): “Psychological barriers: Emotional or psychological factors acts as barriers to communicators. For example, a worried person cannot communicate properly and an angry receiver cannot understand the real meaning of message. …”

“(i) Premature evaluation: Some times people evaluate the meaning of message before the sender completes his message. Such premature evaluation may be due to pre-conceived notions or prejudices against the communication.
(ii) Lack of attention: The pre-occupied mind of receiver and the resultant non-listening of message acts as a major psychological barrier. For instance, an employee explains about his problems to the boss who is pre-occupied with an important file before him. The boss does not grasp the message and the employee is disappointed.
(iii) Loss by transmission and poor retention: When communication passes through various levels, successive transmissions of the message results in loss of, or transmission of inaccurate information. This is more so in case of oral communication. Poor retention is another problem. Usually people cannot retain the information for a long time if they are inattentive or not interested.
(iv) Distrust: Distrust between communicator and communicate acts as a barrier. If the parties do not believe each other, they can not understand each others message in its original sense. …”

“Semantic barriers … (iv) Unclarified assumptions: Some communications may have certain assumptions which are subject to different interpretations. …”