Match List-I with List-IIList-IList-II(A)Demand function(I)Change in…

The correct answer is Option (3) → (A) - (II), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (III)

All four items belong to the theory of consumer behaviour, which studies how a consumer chooses among bundles of goods; each item is matched by its own meaning.

(A) Demand function — this matches (II) The relation between the consumer’s optimal choice of the quantity of a good and its price. When the prices of other goods, income and tastes stay the same, the quantity the consumer chooses depends only on the price of the good, and this relation is called the demand function. Its graph is the demand curve.

(B) Indifference curves — this matches (IV) Never intersect each other. Each indifference curve joins bundles that give the same satisfaction, and a higher curve gives more. If two curves crossed, the point of crossing would give the same satisfaction as bundles on both curves, which would make bundles on a higher and a lower curve equally good. That conflict is why two indifference curves never intersect.

(C) Marginal utility — this matches (I) Change in total utility due to consumption of one additional unit of a commodity. If 4 bananas give 28 units of total utility and 5 bananas give 30, the 5th banana adds 2 units: MU₅ = TU₅ − TU₄ = 2.

(D) Cardinal utility — this matches (III) The level of utility that can be expressed in numbers. Cardinal utility analysis assumes that utility can be measured, as in ‘this shirt gives me 50 units of utility’. Ordinal analysis, by contrast, only ranks bundles.