In the tundra regions, the nomadic herders move from south to north in summers and from north to south in winters. This is an example of _______ .
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → Transhumance
Option (1) Kolkhoz — Incorrect. Kolkhoz is the collective farming of the former Soviet Union, with no seasonal movement of herds.
Option (2) Mixed Farming — Incorrect. It keeps crops and livestock on one farm, where the farmer stays put.
Option (3) Gathering — Incorrect. Gathering is collecting useful things from the wild, with no herds to move.
Option (4) Transhumance — Correct. Transhumance is the seasonal migration of herders with their animals: from the plains to mountain pastures in summer and back to the plains in winter, as the Gujjars, Bakarwals, Gaddis and Bhotiyas do in the Himalayas. The herders of the tundra make the same kind of seasonal journey, north in summer and south in winter.
NCERT (2025-26): “Nomadic Herding … Movement in search of pastures is undertaken either over vast horizontal distances or vertically from one elevation to another in the mountainous regions. The process of migration from plain areas to pastures on mountains during summers and again from mountain pastures to plain areas during winters is known as transhumance. In mountain regions, such as Himalayas, Gujjars, Bakarwals, Gaddis and Bhotiyas migrate from plains to the mountains in summers and to the plains from the high altitude pastures in winters. Similarly, in the tundra regions, the nomadic herders move from south to north in summers and from north to south in winters.…” |