Which model states that psychological disorders develop when a biolog…

The correct answer is Option (2) → Diathesis-stress model

Option (1) Cognitive model — Incorrect. This model holds that abnormal functioning results from cognitive problems: irrational and inaccurate assumptions about oneself, illogical thinking and overgeneralisation from a single insignificant event. It speaks of faulty thinking, not of an inherited predisposition.

Option (2) Diathesis-stress model — Correct. It states that psychological disorders develop when a diathesis (biological predisposition to the disorder) is set off by a stressful situation. Its components are the diathesis, which may be inherited, the vulnerability it carries, and the stressor that sets it off.

Option (3) Socio-cultural model — Incorrect. Here abnormal behaviour is understood in the light of the social and cultural forces acting on a person, such as family structure, social networks, societal conditions and labels. It does not rest on a biological predisposition.

Option (4) Biological model — Incorrect. This model says abnormal behaviour has a biochemical or physiological basis, such as faulty transmission of messages between neurons. It looks at biology alone and has no place for the stressful situation that sets the disorder off.

Note: A similar question was also asked in CUET (UG) 2023 on 29-05-2023 (Slot 1).