Choose the most appropriate option to complete the following:
According to demographers, the population of India _______by the year 2030.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → will have peaked
Future perfect tense:
- It shows an action that will be completed by a certain time in the future.
- Form: will have + past participle.
- Its usual signal is by + a future time (by 2030, by next week, by the time ...).
- Clue words: "by the year 2030". This sentence: "by the year 2030" marks a point in the future by which the rise will be complete, so the population "will have peaked" by then.
Complete sentence: According to demographers, the population of India will have peaked by the year 2030.
Example: By next June, she will have finished her degree.
Why the Other Options are Incorrect?
Option 1: peak — Incorrect.
- The singular subject "the population" would need "peaks", not "peak".
- A present form does not show completion by a future date.
Option 3: will peaked — Incorrect. "Will" is always followed by the base form of the verb; "will peaked" is not English.
Option 4: peaked — Incorrect. The simple past speaks of the past; it cannot describe something that will happen by 2030.
Contrast: will have + past participle (will have peaked) shows an action completed by a future time; the simple past (peaked) speaks only of the past.