Which of the following does not include Knowledge Processing Outsourcing (KPO)?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → Wholesale trading
Option (1) Research and Development activities — Included in KPO (Incorrect). R and D is the first example of KPO, work done by highly skilled workers.
Option (2) Intellectual Property research — Included in KPO (Incorrect). IP research is another example.
Option (3) Wholesale trading — Not included in KPO (Correct). Wholesale trading is bulk buying and selling through intermediary merchants and supply houses. It is a tertiary trade activity, not knowledge-based outsourcing.
Option (4) e-learning — Included in KPO (Incorrect). E-learning is a further example of KPO, like R and D and IP research.
NCERT (2025-26): “Wholesale Trading … Wholesale trading constitutes bulk business through numerous intermediary merchants and supply houses and not through retail stores.…” “QUINARY ACTIVITIES … The comparative advantage is the main reason for continuing outsourcing. New trends in quinary services include knowledge processing outsourcing (KPO) and ‘home shoring’, the latter as an alternative to outsourcing. The KPO industry is distinct from Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) as it involves highly skilled workers. It is information driven knowledge outsourcing. KPO enables companies to create additional business opportunities. Examples of KPOs include research and development (R and D) activities, e-learning, business research, intellectual property (IP) research, legal profession and the banking sector.” |