Divergent evolution refers to:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → Similar structures evolved for the different functions
Divergent evolution means that a structure with the same basic plan and a common ancestor has changed in different directions because the animals live in different ways. The forelimbs of a whale, a bat, a cheetah and a human all have the same bones, but they are used for swimming, flying, running and grasping. Such structures are called homologous.
(1) Similar structures evolved for the different functions — Correct. The same plan, different uses: this is divergent evolution.
(2) Different structures evolved for the same function — Incorrect. This is convergent evolution. The structures are different in origin but look alike because they do the same work, as the wings of a butterfly and of a bird do. Such structures are called analogous.
(3) Different structures evolved for the different functions — Incorrect. Structures that differ in both plan and work show neither a common plan nor a common function, so this is neither divergent nor convergent evolution.
(4) Similar structures evolved for the same function — Incorrect. Nothing has changed direction here, so there is no divergence.
NCERT Extract:
What Are the Evidences for Evolution? – …


Figure 6.3 Example of homologous organs in (a) Plants and (b) Animals