The phenomenon, which results in alteration of DNA and results in changes in the genotype and phenotype of an organism is:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → Mutation
A mutation is a sudden change in the sequence of DNA. The altered DNA gives a changed genotype, and this can show up as a changed phenotype.
(1) Transcription — Incorrect. This is the making of RNA from a DNA template. The DNA itself is not altered.
(2) Mutation — Correct. It changes the DNA sequence itself.
(3) Replication — Incorrect. This is the copying of DNA into two identical molecules. Its aim is to keep the sequence the same.
(4) Translation — Incorrect. This is the making of a polypeptide from the mRNA. The DNA is not altered.
NCERT Extract:
Mutation –
