Match the LIST-I with LIST-II
| LIST-I | LIST-II | ||
| A. | Perceptions that occur in the absence of external stimuli | I. | Delusion |
| B. | Reduction in speech and speech content | II. | Hallucinations |
| C. | Apathy and inability to start or complete a course of action | III. | Alogia |
| D. | False belief that is firmly held on inadequate grounds | IV. | Avolition |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
A. Perceptions that occur in the absence of external stimuli — this matches II. Hallucinations. In schizophrenia the most common are auditory hallucinations, voices that speak to or about the patient.
B. Reduction in speech and speech content — this matches III. Alogia. Alogia, or poverty of speech, is a negative symptom, a pathological deficit.
C. Apathy and inability to start or complete a course of action — this matches IV. Avolition. It is the loss of volition, another negative symptom.
D. False belief that is firmly held on inadequate grounds — this matches I. Delusion. A delusion is not affected by rational argument and has no basis in reality; it is a positive symptom.
NCERT (2025-26): “Symptoms of Schizophrenia … Many people with schizophrenia develop delusions. A delusion is a false belief that is firmly held on inadequate grounds. It is not affected by rational argument, and has no basis in reality.…” “…People with schizophrenia may have hallucinations, i.e. perceptions that occur in the absence of external stimuli.…” “…Negative symptoms are ‘pathological deficits’ and include poverty of speech, blunted and flat affect, loss of volition, and social withdrawal. People with schizophrenia show alogia or poverty of speech, i.e. a reduction in speech and speech content. Many people with schizophrenia show less anger, sadness, joy, and other feelings than most people do. Thus they have blunted affect. Some show no emotions at all, a condition known as flat affect. Also patients with schizophrenia experience avolition, or apathy and an inability to start or complete a course of action.…” |