Which of the following are approaches to Human Development?
A. Capability approach
B. Welfare approach
C. Minimum needs approach
D. Behavioural approach
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → A, B and C only
A. Capability approach Correct. It is associated with Prof. Amartya Sen: building human capabilities in health, education and access to resources is the key to human development.
B. Welfare approach Correct. It looks at people as beneficiaries of development and asks the government to spend more on education, health and amenities; people are passive recipients.
C. Minimum needs approach Correct. It is the basic needs approach, first proposed by the International Labour Organisation, which identified six basic needs: health, education, food, water supply, sanitation and housing.
D. Behavioural approach Incorrect. Behaviouralism is a school of thought in human geography, not an approach to human development; the fourth approach is the income approach.
NCERT (2025-26): “APPROACHES TO HUMAN DEVELOPMENT … There are many ways of looking at the problem of human development. Some of the important approaches are: (a) The income approach; (b) The welfare approach; (c) Minimum needs approach; and (d) Capabilities approach (Table 3.1).”
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