Arthur Jensen proposed a hierarchical model of intelligence consistin…

The correct answer is Option (1) → Associative learning, cognitive competence

Option (1) Associative learning, cognitive competence — Correct. Arthur Jensen’s hierarchical model places intelligence at two levels. Level I is associative learning, in which the output is more or less similar to the input, as in rote learning and memory. Level II, called cognitive competence, covers higher-order skills that transform the input to produce an effective output.

Option (2) General factor, specific factor — Incorrect. These belong to Charles Spearman’s two-factor theory: a general factor (g-factor) of mental operations common to all performances, and specific abilities (s-factors) that let a person excel in one field. They are two factors, not two levels of Jensen’s model.

Option (3) Verbal learning, Cognitive Learning — Incorrect. No theory of intelligence uses this pair. Only the word ‘cognitive’ echoes Jensen’s Level II, and his Level I is associative learning, not verbal learning.

Option (4) Operation, contents — Incorrect. These are two of the three dimensions of J.P. Guilford’s structure-of-intellect model (operations, contents and products). Operations are what the respondent does; contents are the nature of the material on which the operations are performed.