Arrange the peasant movements in chronological order (oldest to newest):

A. Tebhaga movement
B. New farmers' movement
C. Bengal revolt against indigo plantation
D. Naxalbari movement

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

C, A, D, B

The correct answer is Option (4) → C, A, D, B

C. Bengal revolt against indigo plantation (1859-1862): This was one of the earliest major peasant revolts in colonial India against the forced cultivation of indigo by European planters.

A. Tebhaga movement (1946-1947): This movement took place in Bengal and demanded that sharecroppers receive three-fourths (tebhaga) of the harvest instead of half.

D. Naxalbari movement (1967): This was a communist-led peasant uprising in West Bengal that marked the beginning of the Naxalite movement in India.

B. New farmers' movement (1970s): The so called ‘new farmer’s movements began in the 1970s in Punjab and Tamil Nadu. These movements were regionally oganised, were non-party, and involved farmers rather than peasants. (farmers are said to be market-involved as both commodity producers and purchasers) The basic ideology of the movement was strongly anti-state and anti-urban. The focus of demand were ‘price and related issues’ (for example price procurement, remunerative prices, prices for agricultural inputs, taxation, non-repayment of loans). Novel methods of agitation were used: blocking of roads and railways, refusing politicians and bureaucrats entry to villages, and so on. It has been argued that the farmers’ movements have broadened their agenda and ideology and include environment and women’s issues. Therefore, they can be seen as a part of the worldwide ‘new social movements’.