Which type of farming is based on social ownership of the means of production and collective labour?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → Collective farming
Option (1) Co-operative farming — Incorrect. Farmers pool their resources voluntarily in a co-operative society, but individual farms remain intact; there is no social ownership.
Option (2) Collective farming — Correct. Its basic principle is social ownership of the means of production and collective labour. In the Kolkhoz model of the erstwhile Soviet Union, farmers pooled their land, livestock and labour, and kept only very small plots for their daily needs.
Option (3) Dairy farming — Incorrect. It is named for what it produces, milk, not for who owns the farm.
Option (4) Mixed farming — Incorrect. It combines crop cultivation and animal husbandry; it says nothing about ownership.
Note: A similar question was also asked in CUET (UG) 2026 on 29-05-2026 (Slot 2), and in CUET (UG) 2025 on 03-06-2025 (Slot 1).
NCERT (2025-26): “Collective Farming … The basic principle behind this types of farming is based on social ownership of the means of production and collective labour. Collective farming or the model of Kolkhoz was introduced in erstwhile Soviet Union to improve upon the inefficiency of the previous methods of agriculture and to boost agricultural production for self-sufficiency. The farmers used to pool in all their resources like land, livestock and labour. However, they were allowed to retain very small plots to grow crops in order to meet their daily requirements.” “Co-operative Farming … A group of farmers form a co-operative society by pooling in their resources voluntarily for more efficient and profitable farming.…” |