Brahmi and Kharoshti, two scripts used in the earliest inscriptions and coins, were deciphered by:

James Prinsep

Alexander Cunningham was the first Director-General of the Archaeological Survey Of India (ASI) & is often called the father of Indian Archaeology.

R.E.M. Wheeler took over as Director-General of the ASI in 1944. Wheeler recognized that it was necessary to follow the stratigraphy of the mound rather than dig mechanically along uniform horizontal lines.

James Prinsep deciphered Brahmi and Kharosthi scripts that were used for earlier inscriptions.

In 1924, John Marshall, Director-General of the ASI, announced the discovery of a new civilization in the Indus Valley to the world.