Match List-I (Term) with List-II (Meaning in Marx's view).List-IList-…

Match List-I (Term) with List-II (Meaning in Marx's view).

List-I	List-II
(A) Capitalism	(I) Gives rise to a specific class structure
(B) Surplus value	(II) Extracted by paying workers less than the value of what they produce
(C) Mode of production	(III) A system of commodity production through the use of wage labour
(D) Relations of production	(IV) Consists of particular relations of production

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Answer & explanation

Correct answer: option 2

The correct answer is Option (2) → A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I

List-I	List-II	Reason
(A) Capitalism	(III) A system of commodity production through the use of wage labour	Marx defined capitalism as a system of commodity production, or production for the market, through the use of wage labour.
(B) Surplus value	(II) Extracted by paying workers less than the value of what they produce	Surplus value is what the capitalist class keeps by paying workers less than the value of what they produce. This is the source of profit.
(C) Mode of production	(IV) Consists of particular relations of production	A mode of production, such as the capitalist mode, is made up of its own particular relations of production.
(D) Relations of production	(I) Gives rise to a specific class structure	Relations of production are the ties between people in production, such as owners and workers. They give rise to a specific class structure.

NCERT (2026-27): “4.2 Understanding Capitalism as a Social System
One of the founders of modern sociology, Karl Marx, was also a critic of modern capitalism. Marx understood capitalism as a system of commodity production, or production for the market, through the use of wage labour. As you have already learned, Marx wrote that all economic systems are also social systems. Each mode of production consists of particular relations of production, which in turn give rise to a specific class structure. He emphasised that the economy does not consist of things (goods circulating in the market), but is made up of relations between people who are connected to one another through the process of production. Under the capitalist mode of production, labour itself becomes a commodity, because workers must sell their labour power in the market to earn a wage. This gives rise to two basic classes – capitalists, who own the means of production (such as the factories), and workers, who sell their labour to the capitalists. The capitalist class is able to profit from this system by paying the workers less than the value of what they actually produce, and so extracting surplus value from their labour. …”

Match List-I (Term) with List-II (Meaning in Marx's view).

List-I	List-II
(A) Capitalism	(I) Gives rise to a specific class structure
(B) Surplus value	(II) Extracted by paying workers less than the value of what they produce
(C) Mode of production	(III) A system of commodity production through the use of wage labour
(D) Relations of production	(IV) Consists of particular relations of production

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Answer & explanation

Correct answer: option 2

The correct answer is Option (2) → A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I

List-I	List-II	Reason
(A) Capitalism	(III) A system of commodity production through the use of wage labour	Marx defined capitalism as a system of commodity production, or production for the market, through the use of wage labour.
(B) Surplus value	(II) Extracted by paying workers less than the value of what they produce	Surplus value is what the capitalist class keeps by paying workers less than the value of what they produce. This is the source of profit.
(C) Mode of production	(IV) Consists of particular relations of production	A mode of production, such as the capitalist mode, is made up of its own particular relations of production.
(D) Relations of production	(I) Gives rise to a specific class structure	Relations of production are the ties between people in production, such as owners and workers. They give rise to a specific class structure.