In the Rio Declaration, the principle of 'common but differentiated responsibilities' was accepted. It meant-
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → The special needs of the developing countries must be taken into count in interpretation of international environmental law.
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The Rio Declaration (1992) on Environment and Development introduced the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” (CBDR).
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It recognizes that:
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All states share responsibility for protecting the environment (common).
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But developed countries (North), having contributed more to environmental degradation and possessing greater resources, should bear a greater share of responsibility (differentiated).
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This principle ensures that the special needs and circumstances of developing countries (South) are considered when interpreting and applying international environmental law.
Option (1) reflects only a part of the reasoning (greater impact of the North), but Option (2) directly captures the accepted principle as stated in the NCERT.