Read the passage and answer the question:

Some of the earliest bhakti movements were led by the Alvars and Nayanaras. They travelled from place to place singing hymns in Tamil in praise of their gods. During their travels, the Alvars and Nayanars identified certain shrines as abodes of their chosen deities. Very often large temples were later built at these sacred places. These developed as centres of pilgrimage. Some historians suggest that the Alvars and Nayanars initiated a movement of protest against the caste system and the dominance of Brahmanas or at least attempted to reform the system.

What is the name of the female devotee of Shiva who adopted the path of extreme asceticism in order to attain her goal?

Karaikkal Ammaiyar

The correct answer is Option 4 - Karaikkal Ammaiyar

Karaikkal Ammaiyar, a female devotee of Shiva adopted the path of extreme asceticism in order to attain her goal.

Andal saw herself as the beloved of Vishnu; her verses express her love for the deity. Another woman, Karaikkal Ammaiyar, a devotee of Shiva, adopted the path of extreme asceticism in order to attain her goal. Her compositions were preserved within the Nayanar tradition. These women renounced their social obligations, but did not join an alternative order or become nuns. Their very existence and their compositions posed a challenge to patriarchal norms.