Read the passage carefully and answer the questions.

The transition metals and their compounds are known for their catalytic activity. This activity is ascribed to their ability to adopt multiple oxidation states and to form complexes. Vanadium(V) oxide (in Contact Process), finely divided iron, and nickel (in Catalytic Hydrogenation) are some of the examples. Catalysts at a solid surface involve the formation of bonds between reactant molecules and atoms of the surface of the catalyst (first row transition metals utilise 3d and 4s electrons for bonding). This has the effect of increasing the concentration of the reactants at the catalyst surface and also weakening of the bonds in the reacting molecules (the activation energy is lowering). Also because the transition metal ions can change their oxidation states, they become more effective as catalysts.

$\text{TiCl}_4+\text{Al(CH}_3\text{)}_3$ is used as a catalyst in:

Ziegler-Natta catalysis

The correct answer is Option (1) → Ziegler-Natta catalysis

Core Concept

Combination of titanium chloride and organoaluminium compounds acts as a Ziegler-Natta catalyst used in polymerization of alkenes.

Explanation

Option 1: Ziegler-Natta catalysis

The mixture of $TiCl_4$ and trialkyl aluminium such as $Al(CH_3)_3$ forms an active catalyst system. It is used for polymerization of ethene and propene to produce polyethylene and polypropylene.

Option 2: Haber's process

Haber's process uses finely divided iron as catalyst for ammonia synthesis.

Option 3: Contact process

Contact process uses $V_2O_5$ as catalyst for oxidation of $SO_2$ to $SO_3$.

Option 4: Sandmeyer reaction

Sandmeyer reaction uses copper salts for substitution of diazonium group.