Which one of the following is not an approach to human development?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → Need fulfilment approach
Human development can be looked at in many ways. The four important approaches are the income approach, the welfare approach, the minimum (basic) needs approach and the capability approach.
Option (1) Basic needs approach — An approach to human development. Proposed by the International Labour Organisation (ILO), it stresses six basic needs: health, education, food, water supply, sanitation and housing. It is also known as the minimum needs approach.
Option (2) Capability approach — An approach to human development. Linked with Prof. Amartya Sen, it holds that building human capabilities in health, education and access to resources is the key to human development.
Option (3) Need fulfilment approach — Not an approach to human development. There is no such approach.
Option (4) Welfare approach — An approach to human development. It treats people as beneficiaries of development and asks the government to spend more on education, health and amenities.
NCERT (2026-27): “APPROACHES TO HUMAN DEVELOPMENT … There are many ways of looking at the problem of human development. Some of the important approaches are: (a) The income approach; (b) The welfare approach; (c) Minimum needs approach; and (d) Capabilities approach (Table 3.1).”
Table 3.1: Approaches to Human Development |
