Commercialization of agriculture does not lead to:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → Increase in organic farming
Option (1) Regional inequality — A result of commercialisation (Incorrect). The new commercial agriculture spread unevenly: the areas that took it up became more developed while other areas stagnated, which worsened regional inequalities.
Option (2) Integration of rural to wider economy — A result of commercialisation (Incorrect). As cultivation became more commercialised, rural areas were becoming integrated into the wider economy, and more money flowed into villages.
Option (3) Development of rural infrastructure — A result of commercialisation (Incorrect). To modernise agriculture, the state invested in rural infrastructure such as irrigation, roads and electricity, and in credit and other inputs.
Option (4) Increase in organic farming — Not a result of commercialisation (Correct). Commercial farming for the market relied on high-yielding seeds, chemical fertilisers and pesticides. It moved farmers away from organic produce; villagers even contrast the ‘wholeness’ of the organic crops of the past with the hybrid crops grown now.
NCERT (2025-26): “4.3 The Green Revolution and its Social Consequences … Another negative outcome of the Green Revolution strategy was the worsening of regional inequalities. The areas that underwent this technological transformation became more developed while other areas stagnated.…” “4.4 Transformations in Rural Society after Independence … In general, it is true that farmers in the more developed regions were becoming more oriented to the market. As cultivation became more commercialised, these rural areas were also becoming integrated to the wider economy. This process increased the flow of money into villages and expanding opportunities for business and employment.…” “…The state invested in the development of rural infrastructure, such as irrigation facilities, roads and electricity, and on the provision of agricultural inputs, including credit through banks and cooperatives.…” |