AIDS is a sexually transmitted disease (STD). Find out the correct statement with reference to it
(A) It is caused by HIV belonging to the retrovirus group.
(B) It can pass through the placenta from an infected mother to her child.
(C) It can be diagnosed using ELISA.
(D) HIV enters into the B-lymphocytes and reproduces to produce progeny of virus.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → (A), (B) and (C) only
AIDS stands for Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome. It is a deficiency of the immune system that a person acquires during life; it is not present from birth.
(A) It is caused by HIV belonging to the retrovirus group. — Correct. HIV (Human Immuno deficiency Virus) is a retrovirus. Its genome is RNA, which it copies into DNA with the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
(B) It can pass through the placenta from an infected mother to her child. — Correct. Besides sexual contact, infected blood and shared needles, HIV can pass from an infected mother to her child through the placenta.
(C) It can be diagnosed using ELISA. — Correct. ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay) is a widely used test for AIDS. It works on the antigen-antibody reaction.
(D) HIV enters into the B-lymphocytes and reproduces to produce progeny of virus. — Incorrect. HIV first enters the macrophages and then the helper T-lymphocytes, and multiplies there. It does not enter the B-lymphocytes.
NCERT Extract:
AIDS – …
Figure 7.6 Replication of retrovirus