What is the study of inscriptions called?

The correct answer is Option (3) → Epigraphy

Option (1) Archaeology — Incorrect. Archaeology studies the past from the material remains people left behind – their houses, pots, ornaments, tools and seals. Inscriptions are one such find, but their study has a name of its own.

Option (2) Calligraphy — Incorrect. Calligraphy is the art of handwriting, of writing a script beautifully, as the Mughal court calligraphers did. It is a skill of writing, not the study of old inscriptions.

Option (3) Epigraphy — Correct. Epigraphy is the study of inscriptions, the writings engraved on stone, metal or pottery. Scholars who do it are called epigraphists; James Prinsep’s decipherment of Brahmi and Kharosthi in the 1830s was a landmark in Indian epigraphy.

Option (4) Numerology — Incorrect. Numerology is the belief that numbers carry hidden meanings and influence a person’s life, for example treating some numbers as lucky. It has nothing to do with reading inscriptions.

Note: The term ‘numerology’ is not in NCERT (2026-27); it is explained here for the benefit of the students.