Which of the following is NOT a technique of genetic engineering?

Grafting

The correct answer is Option (4) → Grafting

Grafting is a traditional agricultural technique in which tissues from one plant are attached to another plant to continue their growth together. It does not involve altering or transferring genetic material at the molecular level, so it is not a genetic engineering technique.

In contrast, the following are all techniques of genetic engineering:

• Creation of recombinant DNA: Involves combining DNA from different sources to create new genetic combinations.
• Use of gene cloning: Involves making identical copies of a gene or DNA segment for further study or use in research.
• Gene transfer: Involves introducing foreign genes into an organism's genome.

Thus, grafting is the correct answer, as it does not involve direct genetic modification at the molecular level.