The terminal voltage of a cell connected to an external resistance R is

always less than its e.m.f.             always equal to its e.m.f. always greater than its e.m.f. greater or less than its e.m.f. depending on the direction of the current through it

greater or less than its e.m.f. depending on the direction of the current through it

V = E – lr when cell is being discharged             = E + lr when the cell is being charged.