The correct answer is Option (4) - A - II, B - III, C - I, D - IV
| List-I |
List-II |
| A. Genetic drift |
II. Change in gene frequency due to chance factor |
| B. Stabilising selection |
III. More individuals acquire mean character value |
| C. Gene flow |
I. Change in allele frequency due to immigration and emigration |
| D. Saltation |
IV. Single-step large mutation |
A. Genetic drift — II. Change in gene frequency due to chance factor
- Genetic drift refers to random changes in allele frequencies within a population, especially in small populations, due to chance events rather than natural selection. This can lead to certain alleles becoming more or less common over time purely by chance.
B. Stabilising selection — III. More individuals acquire mean character value
- Stabilizing selection is a type of natural selection that favors the average or intermediate traits in a population. As a result, individuals with extreme traits are less likely to survive and reproduce, causing the population to converge around the mean character value.
C. Gene flow — I. Change in allele frequency due to immigration and emigration
- Gene flow involves the movement of alleles between populations due to migration (immigration or emigration). It results in changes in allele frequencies as individuals from different populations introduce new alleles or remove alleles from a population.
D. Saltation — IV. Single-step large mutation
- Saltation refers to a sudden and large evolutionary change, often caused by a single-step mutation. It contrasts with gradual evolutionary changes, as it involves a significant alteration in a single generation, potentially creating new traits or species.
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