Read the passage and answer the questions:
Rainwater Harvesting
Rainwater harvesting is a method to capture and store rainwater for various uses. It is also used to recharge groundwater aquifers. It increases water availability, checks the declining groundwater table, improves the quality of groundwater through dilution of contaminants, like fluoride and nitrates, prevents soil erosion, and flooding and arrests salt water intrusion in coastal areas if used to recharge aquifers. Rainwater harvesting has been practised through various methods by different communities in the country for a long time. Traditional rainwater harvesting in rural areas is done by using surface storage bodies, like lakes, ponds, irrigation tanks, etc. In Rajasthan, rainwater harvesting structures locally known as Kund or Tanka (a covered underground tank) are constructed near or in the house or village to store harvested rainwater.
There is a wide scope to use rainwater harvesting technique to conserve precious water resource. It can be done by harvesting rainwater on rooftops and open spaces. Harvesting rainwater also decreases the community dependence on groundwater for domestic use. Besides bridging the demand- supply gap, it can also save energy to pump groundwater as recharge leads to rise in groundwater table. These days rainwater harvesting is being taken up on massive scale in many states in the country. Urban areas can specially benefit from rainwater harvesting as water demand has already outstripped supply in most of the cities and towns. Apart from the above mentioned factors, desalinisation of water particularly in coastal areas and transfer of water from water surplus areas to water deficit areas through inter-linking of rivers can be important remedies for solving water problem in India.
Rainwater harvesting is used to recharge ....
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → Groundwater aquifers
Rainwater harvesting captures and stores rainwater for various uses. It is also used to recharge groundwater aquifers, the layers of rock and soil under the ground that hold water. Rainwater led into pits, wells and borewells soaks down and raises the groundwater table.
Note: This passage is taken from the NCERT chapter ‘Water Resources’ (India – People and Economy), with one sentence of the book left out. That makes two passages of this paper lifted from the book, so a careful reading of NCERT pays off in this section.
NCERT (2025-26): “Rainwater Harvesting … Rainwater harvesting is a method to capture and store rainwater for various uses. It is also used to recharge groundwater aquifers. It is a low cost and eco-friendly technique for preserving every drop of water by guiding the rain water to borewell, pits and wells. Rainwater harvesting increases water availability, checks the declining groundwater table, improves the quality of groundwater through dilution of contaminants, like fluoride and nitrates, prevents soil erosion, and flooding and arrests salt water intrusion in coastal areas if used to recharge aquifers.…” |