The Adi Dharma Movement in India belonged to which category of social…

The correct answer is Option (1) → Caste Based Movement

Option (1) Caste Based Movement — Correct. The Adi Dharma Movement in Punjab is one of the Dalit movements. There has never been a single Dalit movement, but all of them assert a Dalit identity and share a quest for equality, self-dignity and the eradication of untouchability. The same quest runs through the Satnami Movement of the Chamars, the Mahar Movement in Maharashtra and the Anti-Brahman Movement in south India.

Option (2) Worker's Movement — Incorrect. A workers’ movement is a class-based movement of industrial workers, organised in trade unions such as the AITUC, for wages and working conditions. The Adi Dharma Movement was about caste identity and untouchability.

Option (3) Peasant Movement — Incorrect. Peasant movements are also class-based: agrarian struggles over land, rent, revenue and moneylenders, like the Kisan Sabhas or the Tebhaga movement. Caste dignity was not their issue.

Option (4) Ecological Movement — Incorrect. An ecological movement defends forests and the environment and the livelihoods tied to them, as the Chipko Movement did in the Himalayan foothills.