Read the passage and answer the following question:

The scope of sociological study is extremely wide. It can focus its analysis of interactions between individuals such as that of a shopkeeper with a customer, between teachers and students, between two friends or family members. It can likewise focus on national issues such as unemployment or caste conflict or the effect of state policies on forest rights of the tribal population or rural indebtedness. Or examine global social processes such as: the impact of new flexible labour regulations on the working class; or that of the electronic media on the young; or the entry of foreign universities on the education system of the country. What defines the discipline of sociology is therefore not just what it studies (i.e. family or trade unions or villages) but how it studies a chosen field.

The effect globalisation in India can be identified as:

Opening up of new opportunities and loss of livelihood

The correct answer is Option (1) → Opening up of new opportunities and loss of livelihood

• Opening up of new opportunities: Globalization has led to foreign investments, increased trade, and the establishment of multinational corporations (MNCs) in India. This has created new job opportunities in various sectors, such as IT, service industries, and manufacturing.
• Loss of livelihood: On the other hand, globalization has also led to job losses in some sectors, particularly traditional industries, due to competition from cheaper imports or automation. This has resulted in displacement and economic hardship for some segments of the population.

• Explanation of other options:

  • Import of raw materials: While globalization does facilitate the import of raw materials, it's not the defining characteristic of its effect.
  • Rise of NGOs: The rise of NGOs is not a direct consequence of globalization, although both might interact and influence each other.
  • Change in Technology: Technological advancement is not exclusive to globalization and can occur independently. However, globalization can accelerate the adoption and integration of new technologies.