Match the LIST-I with LIST-II:
| LIST-I Terms | LIST-II Meanings | ||
| A. | Kifayat | I. | Imperial order |
| B. | Sanad | II. | Financial interests |
| C. | Subas | III. | Foot-soldiers |
| D. | Piyada | IV. | Provinces |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → A - II, B - I, C - IV, D - III
(A) Kifayat — this matches (II) Financial interests. In his order of 1665, Aurangzeb told his revenue officials to assess the revenue keeping in view the financial interests (kifayat) of the government and the welfare of the peasantry.
(B) Sanad — this matches (I) Imperial order. A zamindar who seized land from weaker people needed the state’s approval, a confirmation by an imperial order (sanad).
(C) Subas — this matches (IV) Provinces. The Mughal empire was divided into provinces (subas); the Ain-i Akbari gives an “Account of the Twelve Provinces” with the details of every suba.
(D) Piyada — this matches (III) Foot-soldiers. The tables of the Ain list the troops of the zamindars: horsemen (sawar), foot-soldiers (piyada) and elephants (fil).
NCERT (2025-26): “5. The Zamindars … The dispossession of weaker people by a powerful military chieftain was quite often a way of expanding a zamindari. It is, however, unlikely that the state would have allowed such a show of aggression by a zamindar unless he had been confirmed by an imperial order (sanad ). More important were the slow processes of zamindari consolidation, which are also documented in sources. These involved colonisation of new lands, by transfer of rights, by order of the state and by purchase.… 8. The Ain-i Akbari of Abu’l Fazl Allami … Along with a description of the various departments of Akbar’s government and elaborate descriptions of the … various provinces (subas) of the empire, the Ain gives us intricate quantitative information of those provinces. Collecting and compiling this information systematically was an important imperial exercise.… 8. The Ain-i Akbari of Abu’l Fazl Allami … The third book, mulk-abadi, is the one which deals with the fiscal side of the empire and provides rich quantitative information on revenue rates, followed by the ‘Account of the Twelve Provinces’. This section has detailed statistical information, which includes the geographic, topographic and economic profile of all subas and their administrative and fiscal divisions (sarkars, parganas and mahals), total measured area, and assessed revenue ( jama ).… 8. The Ain-i Akbari of Abu’l Fazl Allami … This it does in the form of tables, which have eight columns giving the following information: (1) parganat/mahal; (2) qila (forts); (3) arazi and zamin-i paimuda (measured area); (4) naqdi, revenue assessed in cash; (5) suyurghal, grants of revenue in charity; (6) zamindars; columns 7 and 8 contain details of the castes of these zamindars, and their troops including their horsemen (sawar), foot-soldiers (piyada) and elephants (fil ).…”
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