The colonial government introduced various systems of land settlement in India. Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → Mahalwari system – Revenue settlement with a mahal (revenue village)
Under each land settlement, the government fixed the revenue with a different party: a zamindar, a ryot (peasant) or a mahal (revenue village).
Option (1) Zamindari system – Also known as the ryotwari system — Incorrect. The zamindari system is the permanent settlement. The ryotwari system is a different one.
Option (2) Mahalwari system – Revenue settlement with a mahal (revenue village) — Correct. Under the mahalwari system, the settlement was made with a mahal, the revenue village.
Option (3) Ryotwari system – Revenue settlement with a zamindar — Incorrect. The ryotwari settlement was made with individual tenants (ryots).
Option (4) Permanent settlement – Revenue settlement with individual tenants — Incorrect. The permanent settlement is the zamindari system, made with zamindars.
NCERT (2026-27): Glossary: “Land/Revenue Settlement – … This system is known as land/revenue settlement. There were different land settlements formulated in India. They are (i) system of permanent settlement, which is also known as the zamindari system (ii) ryotwari system (a system of revenue settlement entered into by the government with individual tenants) (iii) mahalwari system (a system of revenue settlement entered into by the government with a mahal).” |