Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → Id
Option (1) Id — Correct. The id is the source of a person’s instinctual energy. It seeks immediate gratification of primitive needs, sexual desires and aggressive impulses, and does not care for moral values, society or other people. So the id is demanding, unrealistic, and works according to the pleasure principle.
Option (2) Ego — Incorrect. The ego grows out of the id and satisfies its needs in accordance with reality. It is patient and reasonable, and works by the reality principle: the boy who wants an ice-cream cone asks for permission instead of grabbing it.
Option (3) Super ego — Incorrect. The superego is the moral branch of mental functioning. It tells the id and the ego whether a gratification is ethical, and controls the id by internalising parental authority.
Option (4) Hyper ego — Incorrect. There is no such term; Freud’s structure of personality has only the id, the ego and the superego.
NCERT (2025-26): “Structural Elements of Personality … Id : It is the source of a person’s instinctual energy. It deals with immediate gratification of primitive needs, sexual desires and aggressive impulses. It works on the pleasure principle, which assumes that people seek pleasure and try to avoid pain. Freud considered much of a person’s instinctual energy to be sexual, and the rest as aggressive. Id does not care for moral values, society, or other individuals. Ego : It grows out of id, and seeks to satisfy an individual’s instinctual needs in accordance with reality. It works by the reality principle, and often directs the id towards more appropriate ways of behaving. For example, the id of a boy, who wants an ice-cream cone, tells him to grab the cone and eat it. His ego tells him that if he grabs the cone without asking, he may be punished. Working on the reality principle, the boy knows that the best way to achieve gratification is to ask for permission to eat the cone. Thus, while the id is demanding, unrealistic and works according to pleasure principle, the ego is patient, reasonable, and works by the reality principle.…” |