What form of the 'State' emerged along with capitalism?

Nation-state

The correct answer is Option 1: Nation-state.

Nation-state — Correct. The nation-state became the dominant political form in the modern world alongside the rise of capitalism. It is characterised by a sovereign government exercising authority over a defined territory whose people are citizens of a single nation.

State — Incorrect. A state is a broad political entity. The question asks for the specific form of the state that emerged alongside capitalism, which is the nation-state, not the general concept of a state.

State Nation — Incorrect. This is not the recognised political form. The accepted concept is nation-state, which links a sovereign state with a nation.

Imperial state — Incorrect. Imperial states existed long before the rise of modern capitalism and were based on extending control over multiple territories and peoples. They did not emerge as the dominant political form alongside capitalism.

NCERT: If capitalism became the dominant economic system, nation states became the dominant political form. That we all live in nation states and that we all have a nationality or a national citizenship may appear natural to us today. Before the First World War passports were not widely used for international travel, and in most areas few people had one. Societies were, however, not always organised on these lines. Nation state pertains to a particular type of state, characteristic of the modern world. A government has sovereign power within a defined territorial area, and the people are citizens of a single nation. Nation states are closely associated with the rise of nationalism. The principle of nationalism assumes that any set of people have a right to be free and exercise sovereign power. It is an important part of the rise of democratic ideas. .....The practice of colonialism and the principle of nationalism and democratic rights are contradictory. For colonial rule implied foreign rule such as British rule over India. Nationalism implied that the people of India or of any colonised society have an equal right to be sovereign. Indian nationalist leaders were quick to grasp this irony. They declared that freedom or swaraj was their birthright and fought for both political and economic freedom.