Which of the following statements are correct?
(A) All mirrors follow the laws of reflection.
(B) The angle between the ray of incidence and the plane surface of the mirror is equal to the angle between the plane surface of mirror and the ray of reflection for plane mirror
(C) the rays coming parallel to the principal axis will go after reflection through the focus of the curved mirror
(D) the rays coming to the pole of a curved mirror making an angle with axis will be reflected making the equal angle with the axis on the other side of the axis.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → (A), (B), (C) and (D)
(A) All mirrors follow the laws of reflection. — Correct. The laws of reflection hold at every point of any mirror, plane or curved.
(B) The angle between the ray of incidence and the plane surface of the mirror is equal to the angle between the plane surface of mirror and the ray of reflection for plane mirror — Correct. Both angles are \( 90^\circ \) minus the angle of incidence, and \( i = r \).
(C) the rays coming parallel to the principal axis will go after reflection through the focus of the curved mirror — Correct. This defines the focus of a concave mirror.
(D) the rays coming to the pole of a curved mirror making an angle with axis will be reflected making the equal angle with the axis on the other side of the axis. — Correct. The principal axis is the normal at the pole, so the reflected ray makes the same angle on the other side.
Note: Statement (C) holds for a concave mirror; for a convex mirror the reflected rays only appear to come from the focus. Every option contains (C), so it is read for a concave mirror.
NCERT (2026-27):
Reflection of Light by Spherical Mirrors – “We are familiar with the laws of reflection. … These laws are valid at each point on any reflecting surface whether plane or curved.”
Focal Length of Spherical Mirrors – “… The reflected rays converge at a point F on the principal axis of a concave mirror [Fig. 9.3(a)].”
The Mirror Equation – “… (iv) The ray incident at any angle at the pole. The reflected ray follows laws of reflection.”