Why did the passenger pigeon become extinct?

Human over-exploitation

The correct answer is Option (2) -Human over-exploitation

Over-exploitation refers to the excessive and unsustainable extraction of natural resources by humans. While humans have traditionally relied on nature for food and shelter, over time, the increase in human population and consumption has led to a surge in the demand for natural resources. When this demand exceeds the ability of ecosystems to replenish these resources, it results in overexploitation.

This has had severe consequences for many species. Historically, over-exploitation has been a significant factor leading to the extinction of certain species, such as Steller's sea cow and the passenger pigeon, in the last 500 years.

In the present day, many marine fish populations are facing the threat of over-harvesting, putting commercially important species at risk of extinction. Such practices can have detrimental effects on ecosystems and disrupt the balance of nature. Conservation efforts and sustainable management of natural resources are essential to prevent further species extinctions caused by over-exploitation.