There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Mark your answer as per the options given below.

Assertion: Planning can prevent problems.
Reasoning: Planning can predict the problems and prepare contingency plans to deal with them.

Assertion (A) is not true but Reasoning (R) is correct.

The correct answer is option 4- Assertion (A) is not true but Reasoning (R) is correct.

Assertion: Planning can prevent problems. This is not true as planning cannot prevent problems. One of the most critical "Limitations of Planning" is that planning cannot prevent problems. While planning helps a manager look ahead, it cannot stop external factors (like a sudden change in government policy, a pandemic, or a competitor's move) from occurring. Planning reduces risks, but it does not eliminate or prevent them.

Reasoning: Planning can predict the problems and prepare contingency plans to deal with them. This is true. Planning is the function of determining in advance what is to be done and who is to do it. This implies setting goals in advance and developing a way of achieving them efficiently and effectively. Planning cannot prevent problems, but it can predict them and prepare contingency plans to deal with them if and when they occur. Without planning, the other functions of management will be ineffective.

Thus, assertion is not true but reason is true.