There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Mark your answer as per the options given below.

Assertion: Planning can prevent problems.
Reasoning: Planning an predict the problems and prepare contingency plans to deal with them.

Assertion (A) is not true but Reasoning (R) is correct.

Planning is the function of determining in advance what is to be done and who is to do it. This implies setting goals in advance and developing a way of achieving them efficiently and effectively. Planning cannot prevent problems, but it can predict them and prepare contingency plans to deal with them if and when they occur. Without planning, the other functions of management will be ineffective.