Read the passage and answer the questions given below it.
Around 1450, in the German city of Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg began printing with movable metal type. Until then a book had to be copied by hand, often by a scribe who worked on it for months, and its price was prohibitive for anyone outside a monastery, a court or a rich household. By the mid-1450s Gutenberg’s workshop had finished a Bible. Within fifty years presses were at work in cities across Europe, and books became much cheaper and more numerous.
It is tempting to conclude that the press turned people into readers. What it did was narrower. A cheap book is of no use to someone who was never taught letters, and schooling did not spread at the speed of print. For generations most people still could not read. What changed first was what there was to read. Printers had stock to sell, so they turned more and more from Latin to the languages people spoke at home, and short pamphlets carried arguments well beyond the scholars who had once kept them among themselves. In the religious quarrels that followed Martin Luther’s protest in 1517, such pamphlets were read aloud to crowds, and many in those crowds had never held a book.
Who owned the presses mattered just as much, since a press prints whatever its owner chooses. In 1556 Jesuit priests brought a press to Goa, the first in India, and used it mainly for religious works. In Europe, rulers and churches soon learned to license printers and to ban books they disliked. Catholic books came to carry the Latin word imprimatur, ‘let it be printed’, as proof that a church official had allowed them.
According to the passage, why did printers turn more and more from Latin to the languages people spoke at home?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → They had printed copies to sell and needed buyers for them.
The passage gives one plain reason for the move away from Latin.
- It says, “Printers had stock to sell, so they turned more and more from Latin to the languages people spoke at home.” Stock here means the copies a printer has made and not yet sold.
- The word “so” shows the reason: the printers needed people to buy their books.
Why the Other Options are Incorrect?
Option 1: Rulers and churches had banned books that were written in Latin. — Incorrect. Not mentioned: The passage says rulers banned books they disliked. It never says Latin books were banned.
Option 3: Gutenberg’s metal type could not set Latin letters easily. — Incorrect. Not mentioned: Nothing is said about any problem with the type. Gutenberg’s own workshop printed a Bible.
Option 4: Scholars refused to let their arguments reach ordinary people. — Incorrect. Wrong reason: Scholars had once kept arguments “among themselves”. But the passage links the move from Latin to selling stock, not to the scholars.