Which of the following statements are true with respect to the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

(A) Allele frequencies in a population are stable and are constant from generation to generation.
(B) The sum total of all the frequencies is equal to 1.
(C) Gene pool remains constant.
(D) Total genes and their alleles keep on changing in a given population.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(A), (B) and (C) only

The correct answer is Option (2) → (A), (B) and (C) only 

The Hardy-Weinberg principle, also known as the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium or law, is a fundamental concept in population genetics that describes the conditions under which the frequency of alleles in a population remains constant and stable from generation to generation. Five factors are known to affect Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. These are gene migration or gene flow, genetic drift, mutation, genetic recombination and natural selection.

The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is based on the following assumptions:

1. Large Population Size: The population is sufficiently large to minimize the effects of random genetic drift.
2. No Migration: There is no migration of individuals into or out of the population.
3. Random Mating: Individuals mate randomly with respect to their genotypes.
4. No Mutation: There is no new genetic variation introduced through mutation.
5. No Natural Selection: No selective forces are acting to favor specific genotypes over others.

The correct expression for the Hardy-Weinberg equation is:

p²+2pq+q²=1

This equation represents the genotype frequencies of a population in genetic equilibrium, where:

• p² represents the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype (AA).
• q² represents the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype (aa).
• 2pqrepresents the frequency of the heterozygous genotype (Aa).

The sum of these genotype frequencies equals 1, representing the entire gene pool of the population. This equation helps predict the expected genotype frequencies under specific assumptions, such as no mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, natural selection, or random mating, as described in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.