Read the following passage carefully and answer the given questions.
Cancerous cells just continue to divide giving rise to masses of cells called tumors. Benign tumors normally remain confined to their original location and do not spread to other parts of the body and cause little damage. The malignant tumors, on the other hand are a mass of proliferating cells called neoplastic or tumor cells. Transformation of normal cells into cancerous neoplastic cells may be induced by physical, chemical or biological agents. Ionising radiations like X-rays and gamma rays and non-ionizing radiations like UV cause cancer. Cancer-causing viruses are called oncogenic viruses which have viral oncogenes. The substances to which an immune response is produced are called allergens. The antibodies produced to these are of IgE type. Common examples of allergens are mites in dust, pollens, animal dander, etc. The primary lymphoid organs are bone marrow and thymus. The secondary lymphoid organs provide the sites for interaction of lymphocytes with the antigen, which then proliferate to become effector cells.
The tumors that remain confined to their original location and do not spread to other parts of the body are:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → Benign tumors
Option (1) Malignant tumors — Incorrect. Malignant tumor cells grow very fast and invade and damage the surrounding normal tissues. Cells that break away from them travel in the blood and start new tumors at distant sites. This spread is called metastasis, so these tumors do not stay in one place.
Option (2) Benign tumors — Correct. Benign tumors stay where they began. They do not spread to other parts of the body and cause little damage.
Option (3) Oncogenes — Incorrect. Oncogenes are genes, not tumors. Normal cells carry cellular oncogenes (proto-oncogenes); when these are activated, the cell can turn cancerous. Oncogenic viruses carry viral oncogenes.
Option (4) Carcinogens — Incorrect. Carcinogens are the agents that cause cancer, such as X-rays, tobacco chemicals and oncogenic viruses. They are the cause of a tumor, not a kind of tumor.
Note: The passage is taken from NCERT. NTA has put lines of the NCERT text together to make it. Most CUET (UG) questions come straight from NCERT, so study the book line by line, including figures and their titles.