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The Making of the Constitution

The Constituent Assembly had 300 members. Of these, six members played particularly important roles. Three were representatives of the Congress, namely, Jawaharlal Nehru, Vallabh Bhai Patel and Rajendra Prasad. A very important member of the Assembly was the lawyer and economist B.R. Ambedkar. Ambedkar himself had the responsibility of guiding the Draft Constitution through the Assembly. Two other lawyers, K.M. Munshi from Gujarat and Alladi Krishnaswamy Aiyar from Madras, both of whom gave inputs in the drafting of the Constitution. Jawaharlal Nehru introduced the most crucial "Objectives Resolution" in the Constituent Assembly. It was a momentous resolution that outlined the defining ideals of the Constitution of Independent India, and provided the framework within which the work of constitution-making was to proceed. It proclaimed India to be an "Independent Sovereign Republic", guaranteed its citizens justice, equality and freedom, and assured that "adequate safeguards shall be provided for minorities, backward and tribal areas, and Depressed and Other Backward Classes ... "After outlining these objectives, Nehru placed the Indian experiment in a broad historical perspective. As he spoke, he said, his mind went back to the historic efforts in the past to produce such documents of rights. He did not define the specific form of democracy, and suggested that this had to be decided through deliberations. And he stressed that the ideals and provisions of the constitution introduced in India could not be just derived from elsewhere. "We are not going just to copy", he said. The system of government established in India, he declared, had to "fit in with the temper of our people and be acceptable to them".

The 'Constitution of India' came into effect on:

26th January 1950

The correct answer is Option (2) → 26th January 1950

Although the Constitution of India was adopted on 26th November 1949, it officially came into effect on 26th January 1950. This date was chosen to honor the historic Purna Swaraj Declaration of 26th January 1930, when the Indian National Congress had declared complete independence from British rule. From this day, India became a Republic with the Constitution as its supreme law.